A – General Economics and Teaching

A100 – General Economics: General
A110 – Role of Economics; Role of Economists
A120 – Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A130 – Relation of Economics to Social Values
A140 – Sociology of Economics
A190 – General Economics: Other
A200 – Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General
A210 – Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college
A220 – Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate
A230 – Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate
A290 – Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Other
A300 – Collective Works: General
A310 – Collected Writings of Individuals
A320 – Volumes
A330 – Handbooks
A390 – Collective Works: Other

B – History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

B000 – History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
B100 – History of Thought through 1925: General
B110 – History of Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
B120 – History of Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B130 – History of Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (includes Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian)
B140 – History of Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist
B150 – History of Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional
B160 – History of Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
B190 – History of Thought through 1925: Other
B200 – History of Thought since 1925: General
B210 – History of Thought: Microeconomics
B220 – History of Thought: Macroeconomics
B230 – History of Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
B240 – History of Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist; Scraffian
B250 – History of Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
B290 – History of Thought since 1925: Other
B300 – History of Thought: Individuals: General
B310 – History of Thought: Individuals
B320 – Obituaries
B400 – Economic Methodology: General
B410 – Economic Methodology
B490 – Economic Methodology: Other
B500 – Current Heterodox Approaches: General
B510 – Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
B520 – Current Heterodox Approaches: Institutional; Evolutionary
B530 – Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian
B540 – Feminist Economics
B590 – Current Heterodox Approaches: Other

C – Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

C000 – Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General
C010 – Econometrics
C020 – Mathematical Methods
C100 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: General
C110 – Bayesian Analysis
C120 – Hypothesis Testing
C130 – Estimation
C140 – Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
C150 – Simulation Methods
C190 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other
C200 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General
C210 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
C220 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
C230 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Models with Panel Data
C240 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models
C250 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
C290 – Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other
C300 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: General
C310 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
C320 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
C330 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data
C340 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models
C350 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
C390 – Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Other
C400 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General
C410 – Duration Analysis
C420 – Classificaton Discontinued 2008. See C83.
C430 – Index Numbers and Aggregation; leading indicators
C440 – Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research
C450 – Neural Networks and Related Topics
C460 – Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
C490 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other
C500 – Econometric Modeling: General
C510 – Model Construction and Estimation
C520 – Model Evaluation and Selection
C530 – Forecasting and Other Model Applications
C590 – Econometric Modeling: Other
C600 – Mathematical Methods and Programming: General
C610 – Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
C620 – Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
C630 – Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
C650 – Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
C670 – Input-Output Models
C680 – Computable General Equilibrium Models
C690 – Mathematical Methods and Programming: Other
C700 – Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General
C710 – Cooperative Games
C720 – Noncooperative Games
C730 – Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
C780 – Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
C790 – Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other
C800 – Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General
C810 – Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
C820 – Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
C830 – Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
C870 – Econometric Software
C880 – Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software
C890 – Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other
C900 – Design of Experiments: General
C910 – Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual
C920 – Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior
C930 – Field Experiments
C990 – Design of Experiments: Other

D – Microeconomics

D000 – Microeconomics: General
D010 – Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D020 – Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
D030 – Behavioral Economics: Underlying Principles
D100 – Household Behavior: General
D110 – Consumer Economics: Theory
D120 – Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D130 – Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D140 – Personal Finance
D180 – Consumer Protection
D190 – Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other
D200 – Production and Organizations: General
D210 – Firm Behavior
D230 – Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
D240 – Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
D290 – Production and Organizations: Other
D300 – Distribution: General
D310 – Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D330 – Factor Income Distribution
D390 – Distribution: Other
D400 – Market Structure and Pricing: General
D410 – Market Structure and Pricing: Perfect Competition
D420 – Market Structure and Pricing: Monopoly
D430 – Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D440 – Auctions
D450 – Rationing; Licensing
D460 – Value Theory
D490 – Market Structure and Pricing: Other
D500 – General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General
D510 – Exchange and Production Economies
D520 – Incomplete Markets
D530 – General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets
D570 – General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis
D580 – Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
D590 – General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other
D600 – Welfare Economics: General
D610 – Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D620 – Externalities
D630 – Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D640 – Altruism
D690 – Welfare Economics: Other
D700 – Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General
D710 – Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
D720 – Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D730 – Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
D740 – Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
D780 – Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
D790 – Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other
D800 – Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General
D810 – Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D820 – Asymmetric and Private Information
D830 – Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
D840 – Expectations; Speculations
D850 – Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
D860 – Economics of Contract: Theory
D870 – Neuroeconomics
D890 – Information and Uncertainty: Other
D900 – Intertemporal Choice and Growth: General
D910 – Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D920 – Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
D990 – Intertemporal Choice and Growth: Other

E – Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

E000 – Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General
E010 – Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
E020 – Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E100 – General Aggregative Models: General
E110 – General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
E120 – General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
E130 – General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical
E170 – General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation
E190 – General Aggregative Models: Other
E200 – Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E210 – Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth
E220 – Capital; Investment; Capacity
E230 – Macroeconomics: Production
E240 – Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
E250 – Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
E260 – Informal Economy; Underground Economy
E270 – Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation
E290 – Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other
E300 – Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E310 – Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
E320 – Business Fluctuations; Cycles
E370 – Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation
E390 – Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other
E400 – Money and Interest Rates: General
E410 – Demand for Money
E420 – Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
E430 – Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
E440 – Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E470 – Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation
E490 – Money and Interest Rates: Other
E500 – Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General
E510 – Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
E520 – Monetary Policy
E580 – Central Banks and Their Policies
E590 – Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other
E600 – Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General
E610 – Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
E620 – Fiscal Policy
E630 – Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization Policy
E640 – Incomes Policy; Price Policy
E650 – Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
E660 – General Outlook and Conditions
E690 – Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other

F – International Economics

F000 – International Economics: General
F010 – Global Outlook
F020 – International Economic Order
F100 – Trade: General
F110 – Neoclassical Models of Trade
F120 – Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F130 – Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
F140 – Country and Industry Studies of Trade
F150 – Economic Integration
F160 – Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F170 – Trade: Forecasting and Simulation
F180 – Trade and Environment
F190 – Trade: Other
F200 – International Factor Movements and International Business: General
F210 – International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
F220 – International Migration
F230 – Multinational Firms; International Business
F240 – Remittances
F290 – International Factor Movements: Other
F300 – International Finance: General
F310 – Foreign Exchange
F320 – Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
F330 – International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F340 – International Lending and Debt Problems
F350 – Foreign Aid
F360 – Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F370 – International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
F390 – International Finance: Other
F400 – Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General
F410 – Open Economy Macroeconomics
F420 – International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F430 – Economic Growth of Open Economies
F470 – Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation
F490 – Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other
F500 – International Relations and International Political Economy: General
F510 – International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
F520 – National Security; Economic Nationalism
F530 – International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
F540 – Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
F550 – International Institutional Arrangements
F590 – International Relations and International Political Economy: Other

G – Financial Economics

G000 – Financial Economics: General
G010 – Financial Crises
G100 – General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)
G110 – Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
G120 – Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
G130 – Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing
G140 – Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
G150 – International Financial Markets
G170 – Financial Forecasting
G180 – General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation
G190 – General Financial Markets: Other
G200 – Financial Institutions and Services: General
G210 – Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
G220 – Insurance; Insurance Companies
G230 – Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions; Institutional Investors
G240 – Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
G280 – Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation
G290 – Financial Institutions and Services: Other
G300 – Corporate Finance and Governance: General
G310 – Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
G320 – Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
G330 – Bankruptcy; Liquidation
G340 – Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance
G350 – Payout Policy
G380 – Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation
G390 – Corporate Finance and Governance: Other

H – Public Economics

H000 – Public Economics: General
H100 – Structure and Scope of Government: General
H110 – Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H190 – Structure and Scope of Government: Other
H200 – Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
H210 – Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
H220 – Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence
H230 – Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H240 – Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes
H250 – Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT)
H260 – Tax Evasion
H270 – Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue
H290 – Taxation and Subsidies: Other
H300 – Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General
H310 – Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household
H320 – Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm
H390 – Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other
H400 – Publicly Provided Goods: General
H410 – Public Goods
H420 – Publicly Provided Private Goods
H430 – Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
H440 – Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H490 – Publicly Provided Goods: Other
H500 – National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
H510 – National Government Expenditures and Health
H520 – National Government Expenditures and Education
H530 – National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H540 – National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
H550 – Social Security and Public Pensions
H560 – National Security and War
H570 – National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement
H590 – National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other
H600 – National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General
H610 – National Budget; Budget Systems
H620 – National Deficit; Surplus
H630 – National Debt; Debt Management
H680 – Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
H690 – National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other
H700 – State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General
H710 – State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H720 – State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H730 – State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
H740 – State and Local Borrowing
H750 – State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
H760 – State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
H770 – Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
H790 – State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other
H800 – Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General
H810 – Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants
H820 – Governmental Property
H830 – Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
H870 – International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
H890 – Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other

I – Health, Education, and Welfare

I000 – Health, Education, and Welfare: General
I100 – Health: General
I110 – Analysis of Health Care Markets
I120 – Health Production
I180 – Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
I190 – Health: Other
I200 – Education and Research Institutions: General
I210 – Analysis of Education
I220 – Educational Finance
I230 – Higher Education and Research Institutions
I280 – Education: Government Policy
I290 – Education: Other
I300 – Welfare and Poverty: General
I310 – General Welfare
I320 – Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
I380 – Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
I390 – Welfare and Poverty: Other

J – Labor and Demographic Economics

J000 – Labor and Demographic Economics: General
J010 – Labor Economics: General
J080 – Labor Economics Policies
J100 – Demographic Economics: General
J110 – Demographic Trends and Forecasts; General Migration
J120 – Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
J130 – Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
J140 – Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
J150 – Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
J160 – Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
J170 – Value of Life; Forgone Income
J180 – Demographic Economics: Public Policy
J190 – Demographic Economics: Other
J200 – Demand and Suppply of Labor: General
J210 – Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J220 – Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J230 – Labor Demand
J240 – Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
J260 – Retirement; Retirement Policies
J280 – Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
J290 – Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other
J300 – Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
J310 – Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
J320 – Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
J330 – Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
J380 – Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
J390 – Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other
J400 – Particular Labor Markets: General
J410 – Labor Contracts
J420 – Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
J430 – Agricultural Labor Markets
J440 – Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
J450 – Public Sector Labor Markets
J480 – Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy
J490 – Particular Labor Markets: Other
J500 – Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General
J510 – Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J520 – Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
J530 – Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
J540 – Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
J580 – Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy
J590 – Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
J600 – Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General
J610 – Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
J620 – Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
J630 – Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
J640 – Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J650 – Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
J680 – Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy
J690 – Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other
J700 – Labor Discrimination: General
J710 – Labor Discrimination
J780 – Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
J790 – Labor Discrimination: Other
J800 – Labor Standards: General
J810 – Labor Standards: Working Conditions
J820 – Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition
J830 – Labor Standards: Workers’ Rights
J880 – Labor Standards: Public Policy
J890 – Labor Standards: Other

K – Law and Economics

K000 – Law and Economics: General
K100 – Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law)
K110 – Property Law
K120 – Contract Law
K130 – Tort Law and Product Liability
K140 – Criminal Law
K190 – Basic Areas of Law: Other
K200 – Regulation and Business Law: General
K210 – Antitrust Law
K220 – Corporation and Securities Law
K230 – Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K290 – Regulation and Business Law: Other
K300 – Other Substantive Areas of Law: General
K310 – Labor Law
K320 – Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K330 – International Law
K340 – Tax Law
K350 – Personal Bankruptcy Law
K360 – Family and Personal Law
K390 – Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other
K400 – Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General
K410 – Litigation Process
K420 – Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K490 – Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other

L – Industrial Organization

L000 – Industrial Organization: General
L100 – Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General
L110 – Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
L120 – Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
L130 – Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L140 – Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
L150 – Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
L160 – Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
L170 – Open Source Products and Markets
L190 – Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other
L200 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General
L210 – Business Objectives of the Firm
L220 – Firm Organization and Market Structure
L230 – Organization of Production
L240 – Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
L250 – Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
L260 – Entrepreneurship
L290 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other
L300 – Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General
L310 – Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
L320 – Public Enterprises
L330 – Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out
L380 – Public Policy
L390 – Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other
L400 – Antitrust Issues and Policies: General
L410 – Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
L420 – Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
L430 – Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
L440 – Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
L490 – Antitrust Policy: Other
L500 – Regulation and Industrial Policy: General
L510 – Economics of Regulation
L520 – Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
L530 – Enterprise Policy
L590 – Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other
L600 – Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
L610 – Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
L620 – Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
L630 – Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
L640 – Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
L650 – Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
L660 – Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
L670 – Other Consumer Nondurables
L680 – Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
L690 – Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other
L700 – Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General
L710 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L720 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
L730 – Forest Products
L740 – Construction
L780 – Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy
L790 – Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other
L800 – Industry Studies: Services: General
L810 – Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
L820 – Entertainment; Media
L830 – Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
L840 – Personal, Professional, and Business Services
L850 – Real Estate Services
L860 – Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
L870 – Postal and Delivery Services
L880 – Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy
L890 – Industry Studies: Services: Other
L900 – Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General
L910 – Transportation: General
L920 – Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
L930 – Air Transportation
L940 – Electric Utilities
L950 – Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
L960 – Telecommunications
L970 – Utilities: General
L980 – Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy
L990 – Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other

M – Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting

M000 – Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting: General
M100 – Business Administration: General
M110 – Production Management
M120 – Personnel Management; executive compensation
M130 – New Firms; Startups
M140 – Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
M150 – IT Management
M160 – International Business Administration
M190 – Business Administration: Other
M200 – Business Economics: General
M210 – Business Economics
M290 – Business Economics: Other
M300 – Marketing and Advertising: General
M310 – Marketing
M370 – Advertising
M380 – Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation
M390 – Marketing and Advertising: Other
M400 – Accounting and Auditing: General
M410 – Accounting
M420 – Auditing
M480 – Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation
M490 – Accounting: Other
M500 – Personnel Economics: General
M510 – Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
M520 – Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
M530 – Personnel Economics: Training
M540 – Personnel Economics: Labor Management
M550 – Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices
M590 – Personnel Economics: Other

N – Economic History

N000 – Economic History: General
N010 – Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
N100 – Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative
N110 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N120 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N130 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913
N140 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: 1913-
N150 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East
N160 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean
N170 – Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania
N200 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative
N210 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N220 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N230 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913
N240 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913-
N250 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East
N260 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean
N270 – Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania
N300 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: General, International, or Comparative
N310 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N320 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N330 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Europe: Pre-1913
N340 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Europe: 1913-
N350 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Asia including Middle East
N360 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Latin America; Caribbean
N370 – Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Africa; Oceania
N400 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative
N410 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N420 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N430 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913
N440 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: 1913-
N450 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East
N460 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean
N470 – Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania
N500 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative
N510 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N520 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N530 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913
N540 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913-
N550 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East
N560 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean
N570 – Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania
N600 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative
N610 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N620 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N630 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913
N640 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913-
N650 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East
N660 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean
N670 – Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania
N700 – Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative
N710 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N720 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N730 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913
N740 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913-
N750 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East
N760 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean
N770 – Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania
N800 – Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative
N810 – Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N820 – Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N830 – Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913
N840 – Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913-
N850 – Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East
N860 – Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean
N870 – Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania
N900 – Regional and Urban History: General
N910 – Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N920 – Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N930 – Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913
N940 – Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913-
N950 – Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East
N960 – Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean
N970 – Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania

O – Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

O100 – Economic Development: General
O110 – Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O120 – Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O130 – Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
O140 – Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
O150 – Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
O160 – Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
O170 – Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
O180 – Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
O190 – International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
O200 – Development Planning and Policy: General
O210 – Planning Models; Planning Policy
O220 – Project Analysis
O230 – Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
O240 – Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
O250 – Industrial Policy
O290 – Development Planning and Policy: Other
O300 – Technological Change; Research and Development: General
O310 – Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O320 – Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O330 – Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
O340 – Intellectual Property Rights
O380 – Technological Change: Government Policy
O390 – Technological Change: Other
O400 – Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
O410 – One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O420 – Monetary Growth Models
O430 – Institutions and Growth
O470 – Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O490 – Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other
O500 – Economywide Country Studies: General
O510 – Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada
O520 – Economywide Country Studies: Europe
O530 – Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East
O540 – Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean
O550 – Economywide Country Studies: Africa
O560 – Economywide Country Studies: Oceania
O570 – Comparative Studies of Countries

P – Economic Systems

P000 – Economic Systems: General
P100 – Capitalist Systems: General
P110 – Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P120 – Capitalist Enterprises
P130 – Cooperative Enterprises
P140 – Capitalist Systems: Property Rights
P160 – Capitalist Systems: Political Economy
P170 – Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects
P190 – Capitalist Systems: Other
P200 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General
P210 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P220 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices
P230 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
P240 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P250 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
P260 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy; Property Rights
P270 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects
P280 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
P290 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other
P300 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General
P310 – Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
P320 – Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
P330 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
P340 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics
P350 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics
P360 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health, Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty
P370 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
P390 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other
P400 – Other Economic Systems: General
P410 – Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P420 – Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
P430 – Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics
P440 – Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P450 – Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid
P460 – Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
P470 – Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects
P480 – Other Economic Systems: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
P490 – Other Economic Systems: Other
P500 – Comparative Economic Systems: General
P510 – Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
P520 – Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
P590 – Comparative Economic Systems: Other

Q – Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics

Q000 – Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General
Q010 – Sustainable Development
Q100 – Agriculture: General
Q110 – Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
Q120 – Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q130 – Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
Q140 – Agricultural Finance
Q150 – Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
Q160 – Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
Q170 – Agriculture in International Trade
Q180 – Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
Q190 – Agriculture: Other
Q200 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q210 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply (the Commons)
Q220 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture
Q230 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry
Q240 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land
Q250 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water
Q260 – Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q270 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
Q280 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q290 – Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q300 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q310 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply
Q320 – Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q330 – Resource Booms
Q340 – Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q380 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q390 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q400 – Energy: General
Q410 – Energy: Demand and Supply
Q420 – Alternative Energy Sources
Q430 – Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q470 – Energy Forecasting
Q480 – Energy: Government Policy
Q490 – Energy: Other
Q500 – Environmental Economics: General
Q510 – Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q520 – Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
Q530 – Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
Q540 – Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
Q550 – Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation
Q560 – Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
Q570 – Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Industrial Ecology
Q580 – Environmental Economics: Government Policy
Q590 – Environmental Economics: Other

R – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics

R000 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: General
R100 – General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data)
R110 – Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
R120 – Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R130 – General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
R140 – Land Use Patterns
R150 – General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
R190 – General Regional Economics: Other
R200 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General
R210 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Housing Demand
R220 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Other Demand
R230 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
R280 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Government Policy
R290 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: Other
R300 – Production Analysis and Firm Location: General
R310 – Housing Supply and Markets
R320 – Other Production and Pricing Analysis
R330 – Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
R340 – Production Analysis and Firm Location: Input Demand Analysis
R380 – Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
R390 – Production Analysis and Firm Location: Other
R400 – Transportation Systems: General
R410 – Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
R420 – Transportation Systems: Government and Private Investment Analysis; Transportation Planning
R480 – Transportation Systems: Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
R490 – Transportation Systems: Other
R500 – Regional Government Analysis: General
R510 – Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
R520 – Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations
R530 – Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
R580 – Regional Development Policy
R590 – Regional Government Analysis: Other

Y – Miscellaneous Categories

Y100 – Data: Tables and Charts
Y200 – Introductory Material
Y300 – Book Reviews (unclassified)
Y400 – Dissertations (unclassified)
Y500 – Further Reading (unclassified)
Y600 – Excerpt
Y800 – Related Disciplines
Y900 – Miscellaneous Categories: Other

Z – Other Special Topics

Z000 – Other Special Topics: General
Z100 – Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology: General
Z110 – Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature
Z120 – Cultural Economics: Religion
Z130 – Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
Z190 – Cultural Economics: Other